Thursday, July 19, 2012

References for Biochar

 References
Here are the references from my MENDELEY folder that are related to biochar. I am not sure if they are 100% correct but I think most of them are fine. I think you can find the latest (2012-07-19) and most relevant articles here. Open the links in a new tab. Most of the links will take you to abstract of the article but there are also loads of links for open access journals. Make use of it- Gunjan






Agehara, S., and D.D. Warncke. 2005. Soil Moisture and Temperature Effects on Nitrogen Release from Organic Nitrogen Sources. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69(6): 1844Available at https://www.soils.org/publications/sssaj/abstracts/69/6/1844  (verified 21 March 2011).

Allison, S., and J. Prosser. 1993. Ammonia oxidation at low pH by attached populations of nitrifying bacteria. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25(7): 935-941Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/003807179390096T .

Anderson, C.R., L.M. Condron, T.J. Clough, M. Fiers, A. Stewart, R. a. Hill, and R.R. Sherlock. 2011. Biochar induced soil microbial community change: Implications for biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. PedobiologiaAvailable at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031405611000618  (verified 31 August 2011).


Arce, F., F. Mac’\ias, A. Fuertes, M.C. Arbestain, M. Sevilla, J. Maciá-Agulló, S. Fiol, R. López, R. Smernik, and W. Aitkenhead. 2010. Chemical and structural properties of carbonaceous products obtained by pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation of corn stover. Australian Journal of Soil Research 48(7): 618–626Available at http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=SR10010  (verified 3 May 2011).

Arshad, M., W.T. Frankenberger, and W. Frankenberger Jr. 1990. Ethylene Accumulation in Soil in Response to Organic Amendments. Soil Science Society of America 54(4): 1026-1031Available at http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19911950724.html  (verified 28 April 2011).

Asada, T., and T. Ohkubo. 2006. Ammonia adsorption on bamboo charcoal with acid treatment. Journal of health science 52(5): 585-589Available at http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/jhs/52.585?from=Google  (verified 3 May 2011).

Asai, H., B. Samson, H. Stephan, K. Songyikhangsuthor, K. Homma, Y. Kiyono, Y. Inoue, T. Shiraiwa, T. Horie, Y. Kikyono, and Y. Inour. 2009. Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos1. Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crops Research 111(1-2): 81-84Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378429008002141  (verified 2 July 2010).

Ascough, P.L., C.J. Sturrock, and M.I. Bird. 2010. Investigation of growth responses in saprophytic fungi to charred biomass. Isotopes in environmental and health studies 46(1): 64-77Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20229385  (verified 24 November 2010).

Atkinson, C., J. Fitzgerald, and N.A. Hipps. 2010. Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a review. Plant Soil 337(1-2): 1-18Available at http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11104-010-0464-5  (verified 19 January 2011).

Augustenborg, C.A., S. Hepp, C. Kammann, D. Hagan, O. Schmidt, and C. Müller. 2011. Biochar and Earthworm Effects on Soil Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Emissions. Journal of Environmental QualityAvailable at http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Biochar+and+Earthworm+Effects+on+Soil+Nitrous+Oxide+and+Carbon+Dioxide+Emissions#0  (verified 3 October 2011).

BO’Neill, J. Grossman, and M. Tsai. 2009. Bacterial community composition in Brazilian anthrosols and adjacent soils characterized using culturing and molecular identification. Microbial ecologyAvailable at http://www.springerlink.com/index/n0373555w0118w10.pdf  (verified 3 May 2011).

Baggs, E.M., and L. Philippot. 2011. Nitrous Oxide Production in the Terrestrial Environment. In Moir, J.W.. (ed.), Nitrogen Cycling in Bacteria: Molecular Analysis. Caister Academic Press.

Bailey, V.L., S.J. Fansler, J.L. Smith, and H. Bolton Jr. 2010. Reconciling apparent variability in effects of biochar amendment on soil enzyme activities by assay optimization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43(2): 296-301Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071710003974  (verified 10 December 2010).

Baldock, J.A. 2002. Chemical composition and bioavailability of thermally altered Pinus resinosa (Red pine) wood. Organic GeochemistryAvailable at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0146638002000621  (verified 17 May 2011).

Ball, P.N., M.D. MacKenzie, T.H. DeLuca, and W.E. Holben. 2010. Wildfire and Charcoal Enhance Nitrification and Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacterial Abundance in Dry Montane Forest Soils. Journal of Environment Quality 39(4): 1243-1253Available at https://www.agronomy.org/publications/jeq/abstracts/39/4/1243  (verified 13 June 2011).

Bates, A., and N.S. Publishers. 2010. The Biochar Solution : Carbon Farming and Climate Change. Carbon (September).

Beesley, L., and N. Dickinson. 2011. Carbon and trace element fluxes in the pore water of an urban soil following greenwaste compost, woody and biochar amendments, inoculated with the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43(1): 188-196Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071710003688  (verified 10 December 2010).

Beesley, L., E. Moreno-Jiménez, and J.L. Gomez-Eyles. 2010. Effects of biochar and greenwaste compost amendments on mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of inorganic and organic contaminants in a multi-element polluted soil. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 158(6): 2282-7Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20219274  (verified 25 July 2010).

Beesley, L., E. Moreno-Jiménez, J.L. Gomez-Eyles, E. Harris, B. Robinson, and T. Sizmur. 2011. A review of biochars’ potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21855187  (verified 7 September 2011).

Belay, N., and L. Daniels. 1987. Production of ethane, ethylene, and acetylene from halogenated hydrocarbons by methanogenic bacteria. Applied and environmental microbiology 53(7): 1604-10Available at http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=203918&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract .

Bell, M.J., and F. Worrall. 2011. Charcoal addition to soils in NE England: A carbon sink with environmental co-benefits? The Science of the total environment 409(9): 1704-14Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21329965  (verified 16 March 2011).

Belser, L.W., and E.L. Mays. 1980. Specific inhibition of nitrite oxidation by chlorate and its use in assessing nitrification in soils and sediments. Applied and environmental microbiology 39(3): 505-510Available at http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=291368&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract .

Bird, M.I., C.M. Wurster, P.H. De Paula Silva, N. a. Paul, and R. De Nys. 2011. Algal biochar: effects and applications. GCB Bioenergy: no-noAvailable at http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01109.x  (verified 19 June 2011).

Bird, M.I., C.M. Wurster, P.H. de Paula Silva, A.M. Bass, and R. de Nys. 2010. Algal biochar-production and properties. BioResource Technology 102(2): 1886-91Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20797850  (verified 19 May 2011).

Birk, J., C. Steiner, W. Teixiera, W. Zech, and B. Glaser. 2009. Microbial Response to Charcoal Amendments and Fertilization of a Highly Weathered Tropical Soil. Amazonian Dark Earths: Wim Sombroek’s Vision: 309–324Available at http://www.springerlink.com/index/w86065323485p4n8.pdf  (verified 28 April 2011).

Blackwell, P., E. Krull, G. Butler, A. Herbert, Z. Soloiman, and Z. Solaiman. 2010. Effect of banded biochar on dryland wheat production and fertiliser use in south-western Australia: an agronomic and economic perspective. Australian Journal of Soil Research 48(7): 531–545Available at http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=SR10014  (verified 28 April 2011).

Blackwell, P., G. Riethmuller, and M. Collins. 2006. Biochar Application to Soil.

Blasing, T.J. 2011. Recent greenhouse gas concentrations. Available at http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/current_ghg.html  (verified 29 July 2011).

Boateng, A., K. Hicks, and K. Vogel. 2006. Pyrolysis of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) harvested at several stages of maturity☆. Journal of Analytical Applied Pyrolysis 75(2): 55-64Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165237005000768  (verified 16 July 2011).

De Boer, W. 2001. Nitrification in acid soils: micro-organisms and mechanisms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33(7-8): 853-866Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071700002479 .

Bolan, N.S., A. Kunhikrishnan, G.K. Choppala, R. Thangarajan, and J.W. Chung. 2012. Science of the Total Environment Stabilization of carbon in composts and biochars in relation to carbon sequestration and soil fertility. Science of the Total Environment, The 424: 264-270Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.061 .

Box, P.O., A.A. Wageningen, M. Cayuela, P. Kuikman, O. Oenema, and R. Bakker. 2009. BIOENERGY RESIDUES AND BIOCHAR AS SOIL AMENDMENTS: CLIMATE-RELEVANT C AND N DYNAMICS DURING DECOMPOSITION IN SOIL. ramiran.net (Cmd)Available at http://www.ramiran.net/ramiran2010/docs/Ramiran2010_0319_final.pdf  (verified 11 May 2011).

Bremner, J.M. 1997. Sources of nitrous oxide in soils. Nutrient cycling in Agroecosystems 49(1): 7–16Available at http://www.springerlink.com/index/T213844K41042838.pdf  (verified 28 April 2011).

Brewer, C.E., and K. Schmidt‐Rohr. 2009. Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and gasification systems. & sustainable energy 28(3): 386–396Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ep.10378/full  (verified 28 June 2012).

Brockhoff, S.R., N.E. Christians, R.J. Killorn, R. Horton, and D.D. Davis. 2010. Physical and Mineral-Nutrition Properties of Sand-Based Turfgrass Root Zones Amended with Biochar. Agronomy Journal 102(6): 1627Available at https://www.agronomy.org/publications/aj/abstracts/102/6/1627  (verified 20 January 2011).

Brodowski, S., W. Amelung, L. Haumaier, and W. Zech. 2007. Black carbon contribution to stable humus in German arable soils. Geoderma 139(1-2): 220-228Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016706107000389  (verified 10 August 2010).

Brown, R., a Kercher, T. Nguyen, D. Nagle, and W. Ball. 2006. Production and characterization of synthetic wood chars for use as surrogates for natural sorbents. Organic Geochemistry 37(3): 321-333Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0146638005002317  (verified 17 July 2011).

Bruce, T., I.B. Martinez, O. Maia Neto, A.C.P. Vicente, R.H. Kruger, and F.L. Thompson. 2010. Bacterial community diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest soils. Microbial ecology 158(3-4): 1–10Available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706110001758  (verified 1 November 2011).

Bruun, E.W. 2011a. Applicatio of fast pyrolysis biochar to a Loamy Soil. Available at http://130.226.56.153/rispubl/reports/ris-phd-78.pdf .

Bruun, E.W. 2011b. Applicatio of fast pyrolysis biochar to a Loamy Soil. Available at http://130.226.56.153/rispubl/reports/ris-phd-78.pdf .

Bruun, S., T. El-Zahery, and L. Jensen. 2009. Carbon sequestration with biochar – stability and effect on decomposition of soil organic matter. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6(24): 242010Available at http://stacks.iop.org/1755-1315/6/i=24/a=242010?key=crossref.f763a42742c34da6d0ac3cfc488a11d9  (verified 11 January 2011).

Bruun, E.W., H. Hauggaard-Nielsen, N. Ibrahim, H. Egsgaard, P. Ambus, P.A. Jensen, and K. Dam-Johansen. 2010. Influence of fast pyrolysis temperature on biochar labile fraction and short-term carbon loss in a loamy soil. Biomass and Bioenergy: 1-8Available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953410004381  (verified 31 July 2011).

Bruun, S., E.S. Jensen, and L.S. Jensen. 2008. Microbial mineralization and assimilation of black carbon: Dependency on degree of thermal alteration. Organic Geochemistry 39(7): 839–845Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0146638008001307  (verified 29 May 2011).

Bruun, S., and J. Luxhøi. 2008. Is biochar production really carbon-negative? Environmental Science & Technology 42(5): 1388-1388Available at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es087078g .

Bruun, E.W., D. Müller-Stöver, P. Ambus, and H. Hauggaard-Nielsen. 2011a. Application of biochar to soil and N2O emissions: potential effects of blending fast-pyrolysis biochar with anaerobically digested slurry. European Journal of Soil Science (3): no-noAvailable at http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2011.01377.x  (verified 23 June 2011).

Bruun, E.W., D. Müller-Stöver, P. Ambus, H. Hauggaard-Nielsen, and D. M. 2011b. Application of biochar to soil and N2O emissions: potential effects of blending fast-pyrolysis biochar with anaerobically digested slurry. European Journal of Soil Science 62(3): 581-589Available at http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2011.01377.x  (verified 23 June 2011).

Busscher, W.J.W.J., J.M.J.M. Novak, D.E.D.E. Evans, D.W.D.W. Watts, M. a. S. Niandou, and M. Ahmedna. 2010. Influence of Pecan Biochar on Physical Properties of a Norfolk Loamy Sand. Soil Science 175(1): 10-14Available at http://journals.lww.com/soilsci/Fulltext/2010/01000/Influence_of_Pecan_Biochar_on_Physical_Properties.3.aspx?WT.mc_id=HPxADx20100319xMP  (verified 28 April 2011).

Cao, X., and W. Harris. 2010. Properties of dairy-manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use in remediation. Bioresource technology 101(14): 5222-8Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20206509  (verified 2 August 2010).

Cao, X., L. Ma, B. Gao, and W. Harris. 2009. Dairy-manure derived biochar effectively sorbs lead and atrazine. Environmental science & technology 43(9): 3285-91Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19534148 .

Castaldi, S., M. Riondino, S. Baronti, F.R. Esposito, R. Marzaioli, F. a Rutigliano, F.P. Vaccari, and F. Miglietta. 2011a. Impact of biochar application to a Mediterranean wheat crop on soil microbial activity and greenhouse gas fluxes. Chemosphere 85(9): 1464-1471Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21944041  (verified 30 September 2011).

Castaldi, S., M. Riondino, S. Baronti, F.R. Esposito, R. Marzaioli, F. a Rutigliano, F.P. Vaccari, and F. Miglietta. 2011b. Impact of biochar application to a Mediterranean wheat crop on soil microbial activity and greenhouse gas fluxes. Chemosphere 85(9): 1464-1471Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21944041  (verified 30 September 2011).

Cavigelli, M. 2001. Role of denitrifier diversity in rates of nitrous oxide consumption in a terrestrial ecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33(3): 297-310Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071700001413 .

Cayuela, M.L., O. Oenema, P.J. Kuikman, R.R. Bakker, and J.W. Van GROENIGEN. 2010. Bioenergy by-products as soil amendments? Implications for carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. GCB Bioenergy: no-noAvailable at http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01055.x  (verified 13 June 2011).

Chan, K.Y., and Z. Xu. 2009. Biochar–nutrient properties and their enhancement. p. 67–84. In Lehmann, J., Joseph, S. (eds.), Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. Earthscan, London, UK.

Chan, K.Y., L. Van Zwieten, I. Meszaros, A. Downie, and S. Joseph. 2007. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Australian Journal of Soil Research 45(8): 629-634Available at http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=SR07109  (verified 13 June 2011).

Chan, K.Y., L. Van Zwieten, I. Meszaros, A. Downie, and S. Joseph. 2008. Using poultry litter biochars as soil amendments. Australian Journal of Soil Research 46(5): 437-444Available at http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=SR08036 .

Chen, W.-T., Y.H. Lee, P.J. Adams, a. Nenes, and J.H. Seinfeld. 2010a. Will black carbon mitigation dampen aerosol indirect forcing? Geophysical Research Letters 37(9): 1-5Available at http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2010/2010GL042886.shtml  (verified 24 June 2011).

Chen, Y., Y. Shinogi, and M. Taira. 2010b. Influence of biochar use on sugarcane growth, soil parameters, and groundwater quality. Australian Journal of Soil Research 48(7): 526–530Available at http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=SR10011  (verified 28 April 2011).

Cheng, C. 2008. Natural oxidation of black carbon in soils: Changes in molecular form and surface charge along a climosequence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica …Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016703708000306  (verified 17 May 2011).

Cheng, C., and J. Lehmann. 2009. Ageing of black carbon along a temperature gradient. Chemosphere 75(8): 1021-1027Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19223059  (verified 31 January 2011).

Cheng, C.., J. Lehmann, J.E. Thies, and S.. Burton. 2008. Stability of black carbon in soils across a climatic gradient. J. Geophys. Res 13: GO2027Available at http://www.zerocarbonfarm.com/document library/research/Jun 4, J. of Geophysical Research, stability of black carbon.pdf  (verified 4 May 2011).

Cheng, C., J. Lehmann, J. Thies, S. Burton, and M. Engelhard. 2006. Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes. Organic Geochemistry 37(11): 1477-1488Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0146638006001665  (verified 28 July 2010).

Chun, Y., G. Sheng, C.T. Chiou, and B. Xing. 2004. Compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars. Environmental science & technology 38(17): 4649-55Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15461175 .

Van Cleemput, O., A.S. El-Sebaay, and L. Baert. 1983. Evolution of gaseous hydrocarbons from soil: effect of moisture content and nitrate level. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 15(5): 519–524Available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0038071783900445  (verified 31 July 2011).

Clough, T.J.J., J.E.E. Bertram, J.L.L. Ray, L.M.M. Condron, N.S.S. Wells, M. O’Callaghan, and R.R.R. Sherlock. 2010. Unweathered Wood Biochar Impact on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Bovine-Urine-Amended Pasture Soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 74(3): 852Available at https://www.soils.org/publications/sssaj/abstracts/74/3/852  (verified 20 July 2010).

Clough, T.J.T., and L.M. Condron. 2010. Biochar and the Nitrogen Cycle: Introduction. Journal of Environment Quality 39(4): 1218Available at https://www.agronomy.org/publications/jeq/abstracts/39/4/1218  (verified 8 July 2011).

Clough, T.J., F.M. Kelliher, R.R. Sherlock, and C.D. Ford. 2004. Lime and soil moisture effects on nitrous oxide emissions from a urine patch. Soil Science Society of America Journal 68(5): 1600–1609Available at http://researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz/dspace/handle/10182/511  (verified 28 April 2011).

Considine, P.J., N. Flynn, and J.W. Patching. 1977. Ethylene production by soil microorganisms. Applied and environmental microbiology 33(4): 977-9Available at http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=170801&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract .

Cresswell, H. 2004. Agriculture, Hydrology and Water Quality. Vadose Zone Journal 3(2): 726-726Available at http://vzj.scijournals.org/cgi/doi/10.2113/3.2.726  (verified 17 June 2011).

Cui, H.-J., M.K. Wang, M.-L. Fu, and E. Ci. 2011. Enhancing phosphorus availability in phosphorus-fertilized zones by reducing phosphate adsorbed on ferrihydrite using rice straw-derived biochar. Journal of Soils and Sediments 11(7): 1135-1141Available at http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11368-011-0405-9  (verified 16 September 2011).

DeLuca, T.H., M.D. MacKenzie, and M.J. Gundale. 2009. Biochar effects on soil nutrient transformations. p. 251. In Lehmann, J., Joseph, S. (eds.), Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. Earthscan/James & James.

DeLuca, T.H., M.D. MacKenzie, M.J. Gundale, and W.E. Holben. 2006. Wildfire-Produced Charcoal Directly Influences Nitrogen Cycling in Ponderosa Pine Forests. Soil Science Society of America Journal 70(2): 448Available at https://www.soils.org/publications/sssaj/abstracts/70/2/448  (verified 3 May 2011).

Deenik, J.L., T. McClellan, G. Uehara, M.J. Antal, and S. Campbell. 2010. Charcoal Volatile Matter Content Influences Plant Growth and Soil Nitrogen Transformations. Soil Science Society of America Journal 74(4): 1259Available at https://www.soils.org/publications/sssaj/abstracts/74/4/1259  (verified 8 April 2011).

Demirbas, a. 2004. Effects of temperature and particle size on bio-char yield from pyrolysis of agricultural residues. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 72(2): 243-248Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165237004000646  (verified 10 June 2011).

Demirbas, a, E. Pehlivan, and T. Altun. 2006. Potential evolution of Turkish agricultural residues as bio-gas, bio-char and bio-oil sources. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 31(5): 613-620Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360319905002065  (verified 16 September 2010).

Dempster, D.N., D.B. Gleeson, Z.M. Solaiman, D.L. Jones, and D.V. Murphy. 2011. Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with Eucalyptus biochar addition to a coarse textured soil. Plant and SoilAvailable at http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11104-011-1067-5  (verified 12 December 2011).

Dias, B.O., C. a Silva, F.S. Higashikawa, A. Roig, and M. a Sánchez-Monedero. 2010. Use of biochar as bulking agent for the composting of poultry manure: effect on organic matter degradation and humification. Bioresource technology 101(4): 1239-46Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19796932  (verified 2 August 2010).

Ding, Y., Y.-X. Liu, W.-X. Wu, D.-Z. Shi, M. Yang, and Z.-K. Zhong. 2010. Evaluation of Biochar Effects on Nitrogen Retention and Leaching in Multi-Layered Soil Columns. Water, Air, and Soil PollutionAvailable at http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11270-010-0366-4  (verified 7 September 2010).

Dumroese, R.K., J. Heiskanen, K. Englund, and A. Tervahauta. 2011. Pelleted biochar: Chemical and physical properties show potential use as a substrate in container nurseries. Biomass and Bioenergy: 1-10Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0961953411000687  (verified 24 February 2011).

Durenkamp, M., Y. Luo, and P.C. Brookes. 2010. Impact of black carbon addition to soil on the determination of soil microbial biomass by fumigation extraction. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42(11): 2026-2029Available at http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071710002646  (verified 24 November 2010).

Effects of Biochar Addition on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Microbial Responses in a Short-Term Laboratory Experiment.

Elad, Y., D.R. David, Y.M. Harel, M. Borenshtein, H.B. Kalifa, A. Silber, and E.R. Graber. 2010. Induction of systemic resistance in plants by biochar, a soil-applied carbon sequestering agent. Phytopathology 100(9): 913-21Available at http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:2048/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=AdvancedSearch&qid=5&SID=P2febn72AhFb1iLhMdB&page=2&doc=13  (verified 21 January 2011).

Elmer, W.H., and J. Pignatello. Effect of biochar amendment on mycorrhizal associations and Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus in replant soils. Plant Disease 95(ja): 960-966Available at http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PDIS-10-10-0741  (verified 21 September 2011).

Elsgaard, L. 2010a. Toxicity of xenobiotics during sulfate, iron, and nitrate reduction in primary sewage sludge suspensions. Chemosphere 79(10): 1003-9Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20378150  (verified 15 August 2011).

Elsgaard, L. 2010b. Dynamics of mineral nitrogen, water-soluble carbon and potential nitrification in band-steamed arable soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 46(8): 883-889Available at http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s00374-010-0486-4  (verified 28 July 2011).

Elsgaard, L., S.O. Petersen, and K. Debosz. 2001. Effects and risk assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in agricultural soil. 1. Short-term effects on soil microbiology. Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC 20(8): 1656-63Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11491546 .

Evans, R.J., and T.A. Milne. 1987. Molecular characterization of the pyrolysis of Biomass. 1. Fundamentals. Society 1(2).

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